[1] The facts are taken from a report in the Sydney Morning Herald of 14 May, 1993.

[2] [1974] 2 NZLR 155

[3] (1862) 13 CBNS 125; 143 ER 50.

[4] Australian Safeway Stores v Zaluzna (1987) 162 CLR 479.

[5] Chordas v Bryant (1989) 91 ALR 149; on the facts the attack was found to be completely unforeseeable.

[6] Australian Racing Club v Metcalf (1961) 106 CLR 117.

[7] See Fleming, JG, The Law of Torts, 8th ed, The Law Book Company, 1992, p 451.

[8] Fleming, JG, The Law of Torts, 8th ed, The Law Book Company, 1992, p 152.

[9] AMF v Magnet [1968] 1 WLR 1028.

[10] AMF v Magnet [1968] 1 WLR 1028.

[11] See Tinsley v Dudley [1951] 2 KB 18.