Australian example: Other controls on encryption

• No explicit import restrictions
  • But every other country's export restriction is Australia's import restriction
  • Economic effects - An Australian Bank re-engineered strong crypto application due to inability to import from overseas (Ellsmore, 1999)
• Interception of encrypted communications
  • Both legal and technical capacity are required
  • Telecommunications (Interception) Act 1979
  • 25A Computer access warrant - Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Legislation Amendment Bill 1999 - additional legal capacity, including tampering with computers